The incidence of human infestation with Trichinella spiralis as revealed by the examination of 570 diaphragms at the Louisville General Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky.

With the advent of improved methods of examination of muscle tissue for the presence of Trichinella spiralis and the detection of trichinosis by the skin and precipitin tests, there has been an awakening of interest in the disease which has resulted in a greatly increased volume of statistical data. The present survey was undertaken with the thought in mind that it might be of statistical interest to determine the incidence of infestation with Trichinella spiralis in patients coming to autopsy at the Louisville General Hospital. This incidence was determined by the examination of the diaphragms of these patients

Dual Watermarking in Cyber Security

Cyber security is generally a conservatory of the conventional information system security that is aimed at protecting cyber threats, like cyber terrorism, cyber warfare, and cyber espionage to corrupt digital information. This leads to increase the researches in cyber security. This paper proposes the application of dual watermarking in cyber technology, focusing on forgery detection. The rest of the paper presents a brief overview of cyber security and the role of digital dual watermarking.&nbsp

Gold mining’s toxic legacy: Pollutant transport and accumulation in the Klip River catchment, Johannesburg

Waste from gold mines is considered to constitute the largest single source of waste pollution in South Africa and contributes significantly to acid mine drainage, which remains one of the country’s most serious environmental and socio-economic issues. Run-off from the Central Rand Goldfield discharges into wetlands along the Klip River, which are known to be important sinks for toxic pollutants. The aim of this study was to examine the transport, migration and sequestration of metal pollutants in the upper Klip River catchment in further detail. Analyses reveal that the majority of pollutants are associated with contaminant plumes that emanate from mine dumps and enter the wetland via groundwater recharge. This water carries highly elevated concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, U and rare earth elements, which are naturally sequestered within the wetland, largely through precipitation and adsorption. While surface runoff from mine dumps severely contaminates watercourses within the upper catchment, surface inputs are considered relatively minor contributors to the overall pollutant load entering the Klip River wetland, although aerosol fallout is an important source of Pb. The extensive accumulation of metals within the Klip River wetland reflects the contaminant legacy associated with gold mining on the Witwatersrand and highlights the vital role this natural system has played in trapping vast quantities of toxic pollutants and remediating downstream waters. Contaminant plumes associated with mine dumps will likely persist for decades; preventing further deterioration of the Klip River wetlands is thus critical for safeguarding water sources in the region.  Significance:  Run-off and groundwater emanating from the Central Witwatersrand Basin is highly contaminated with toxic metals. The seepage of acidic water from mine waste dumps is considered the primary source of contamination. Significant quantities of pollutants are trapped naturally within the Klip River wetland. Preventing further deterioration of the Klip River wetlands is critical for the protection of freshwater resources in the region

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL RESEARCHES REGARDING THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF YEASTS

In the present study we monitored the evolution of the fermentative capacity ofthe 8 selected yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under the influence of thefollowing compounds: perhydrol, lactic acid 90%, acetic acid, chlorhydric acid,sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride and sodiumbisulphite. the greater number of autolysed yeast cells was obtained in case ofaddition of 90% lactic acid at pH 3, 0.2% sodium bisulphite and acetic acid at pH3. The lowest number of autolysed yeast cells was obtained with 0.1% ammoniumchloride, perhydrol and 0.1% magnesium chlorid

Elevated cardiovascular risk among adults with obstructive and restrictive airway functioning in the United States: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2010

BACKGROUND: Reasons for the excess risk for cardiovascular disease among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain unclear. Our objective was to examine the cardiovascular risk profile for adults with obstructive and restrictive impairments of lung functioning in a representative sample of adults from the United States. METHODS: We used data from adults aged 20-79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2010 and had a pulmonary function test. The severity of obstructive impairment was defined by adapting the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. RESULTS: Among 7249 participants, 80.9% had a normal pulmonary function test, 5.7% had a restrictive impairment, 7.9% had mild obstructive impairment, and 5.5% had moderate or severe/very severe obstructive impairment. Participants with obstructive impairment had high rates of smoking and increased serum concentrations of cotinine. Compared to participants with normal pulmonary functioning, participants with at least moderate obstructive impairment had elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein but lower concentrations of total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among participants aged 50-74 years, participants with at least a moderate obstructive impairment or a restrictive impairment had an elevated predicted 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of smoking among adults with impaired pulmonary functioning, particularly those with obstructive impairment, point to a need for aggressive efforts to promote smoking cessation in these adults. In addition, adults with restrictive impairment may require increased attention to and fine-tuning of their cardiovascular risk profile

Trends in the Use, Sociodemographic Correlates, and Undertreatment of Prescription Medications for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States from 1999 to 2010

BACKGROUND: The extent to which patients with COPD are receiving indicated treatment with medications to improve lung function and recent trends in the use of these medications is not well documented in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine trends in prescription medications for COPD among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2010. METHODS: We performed a trend analysis using data from up to 1426 participants aged ≥20 years with self-reported COPD from six national surveys (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010). RESULTS: During 2009-2010, the age-adjusted percentage of participants who used any kind of medication was 44.2%. Also during 2009-2010, the most commonly used medications were short-acting agents (36.0%), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (18.3%), and LABAs (16.7%). The use of long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) (p for trend CONCLUSION: The percentages of adults with COPD who reported having various classes of prescription medications that improve airflow limitations changed markedly from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010. However, many adults with COPD did not report having recommended prescription medications

Sensory and nutritive profiles of biscuits from whole grain sorghum and pearl millet plus soya flour with and without sourdough fermentatio

Whole grain sorghum–soya and pearl millet–soya composite biscuits, with and without sourdough, were produced with the aim of developing a ready-to-eat supplementary food for nutritionally at-risk schoolage children in Africa. Descriptive sensory profiling revealed that the biscuits were indistinguishable from a whole grain wheat biscuit standard in terms of hardness, roughness and coarseness, but they were darker, less crisp, less dry and denser with distinctive sorghum flavour. Biscuits containing sourdough were sourer to taste and had more aroma and a more fermented taste and odour character; other examples were more rancid and bitter with less sorghum-type flavour. Biscuits without sourdough were blander and sweeter. Two biscuits per day will, on average, contribute 13% of the Dietary Reference Intake of fibre for children aged 4–8 years and 16%, 11% and 8% of Mg, Fe and Zn, respectively. The sourdough biscuits had 10–17% less phytate, and phenolic content while antioxidant activity increased.University of Pretoria and the South African National Research Foundation.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-26212016-12-31hb2016Food Scienc

Discovery and validation of molecular biomarkers for colorectal adenomas and cancer with application to blood testing

Results: Genome-wide analysis uncovered reproducible gene expression signatures for both adenomas and cancers compared to controls. 386/489 (79%) of the adenoma and 439/529 (83%) of the adenocarcinoma biomarkers were validated in independent tissues. We also identified genes differentially expressed in adenomas compared to cancer. KIAA1199 was selected for further analysis based on consistent up-regulation in neoplasia, previous studies and its interest as an uncharacterized gene. Plasma KIAA1199 RNA levels were significantly higher in patients with either cancer or adenoma (31/ 40) compared to neoplasia-free controls (6/20).This work was co-funded by Flinders University of South Australia and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia. Drs. Dunne, Molloy and Brown are employed by CSIRO. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funding was also provided by Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd., a company involved in the discovery and commercialization of biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Drs. LaPointe, Pedersen, Gaur, McEvoy and Thomas are employed by Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd and Prof. Young is a paid consultant of Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd. The funder thus played roles in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. Mrs. Pimlott and Dr. Wattchow have nothing to disclose. This work was co-funded by Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, a company involved in the discovery and commercialization of biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Drs. LaPointe, Pedersen, Gaur, McEvoy and Thomas are employed by Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd. Prof. Young is a paid consultant of Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials